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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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### Results
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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language:
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- yo
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model: Davlan/bert-base-multilingual-cased-finetuned-yoruba
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tags:
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- yoruba
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- low-resource-nlp
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- sentence-boundary-detection
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- token-classification
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- bert
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- african-nlp
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datasets:
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- abnuel/yor_punctuation
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pipeline_tag: token-classification
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# Yoruba Sentence Boundary Detection Model
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A BERT-based token classification model for **sentence boundary detection in Yoruba text**. This model identifies where sentences begin and end in continuous Yoruba text — a foundational step for tokenization, translation, summarization, and other NLP pipelines.
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📄 **Dataset:** [abnuel/yor_punctuation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/abnuel/yor_punctuation) (1M–10M tokens)
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🔗 **Related:** [abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_2](https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_2) — improved iteration
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## Model Description
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Sentence boundary detection (SBD) in Yoruba presents unique challenges: the language uses tonal diacritics, has complex morphology, and real-world Yoruba text is frequently unpunctuated or inconsistently punctuated. Standard rule-based SBD approaches designed for English fail to capture these linguistic patterns.
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This model takes a sequence labeling approach, tagging each token as a sentence boundary or continuation token, fine-tuned on a large Yoruba corpus.
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- **Base model:** Davlan/bert-base-multilingual-cased-finetuned-yoruba
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- **Task:** Token classification (sentence boundary detection)
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- **Language:** Yoruba (`yo`)
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- **Parameters:** 177.3M
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- **Architecture:** BERT
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## Labels
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| Label | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| `O` | Not a sentence boundary |
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| `B-SENT` | Beginning / end of sentence boundary |
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*(Check `config.json` for the exact `id2label` mapping.)*
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## How to Use
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification
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from transformers import pipeline
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model_id = "abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
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model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained(model_id)
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nlp = pipeline("token-classification", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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# Example: continuous Yoruba text without explicit sentence markers
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text = "Mo jókòó sí ilé Èmi yóò padà wá ní àárọ ọjọ́ kejì àwọn ará ilé mi dúpẹ́"
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result = nlp(text)
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print(result)
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```
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## Training Details
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- **Fine-tuning approach:** Token classification head on top of Yoruba-adapted multilingual BERT
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- **Dataset:** [abnuel/yor_punctuation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/abnuel/yor_punctuation)
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- **Dataset size:** 1M–10M tokens
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- **Reference:** [arxiv:1910.09700](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700) — Punctuation Restoration using Transformer Models for NLP tasks
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## Model Iterations
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This is the first version. For improved performance, see:
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- [abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_2](https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_2) — refined training, improved boundary precision
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- [abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_3](https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary_3) — latest iteration
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## Limitations
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- Best suited for standard written Yoruba; performance may degrade on heavily code-switched or dialectal text.
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- Tonal diacritics (e.g., àáâ) should be present for optimal results; the model was not specifically evaluated on diacritic-stripped text.
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- As a pioneering tool for Yoruba SBD, evaluation benchmarks are limited — community evaluation and contributions are welcome.
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## Why This Matters
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Yoruba is spoken by ~45 million people but has minimal NLP infrastructure compared to European languages. Sentence boundary detection is foundational — without it, downstream tasks like machine translation, summarization, and speech-to-text post-processing are significantly impaired. This model is part of a broader effort to build the NLP toolchain for Yoruba and other low-resource African languages.
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## Related Models & Resources
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- [abnuel/yoruba_task1_punctuation_model](https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_task1_punctuation_model) — Punctuation restoration for Yoruba
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- [abnuel/yoruba_punctuation_2](https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_punctuation_2) — Updated punctuation model
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- [abnuel/yor_punctuation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/abnuel/yor_punctuation) — Shared training dataset
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## Citation
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```
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@misc{adegunlehin2025yoruba-sbd,
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author = {Abayomi Adegunlehin},
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title = {Yoruba Sentence Boundary Detection Model},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/abnuel/yoruba_sent_boundary}
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}
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```
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