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README.md CHANGED
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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- license: cc-by-4.0
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  base_model: roberta-base
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- metrics:
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- - accuracy
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  tags:
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  - generated_from_trainer
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- - text-classification
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- - classification
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- - nlp
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- - vulnerability
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  model-index:
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  - name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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  results: []
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- datasets:
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- - CIRCL/vulnerability-scores
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  ---
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- # VLAI: A RoBERTa-Based Model for Automated Vulnerability Severity Classification
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-
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- # Severity classification
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-
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- This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on the dataset [CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores).
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-
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- The model was presented in the paper [VLAI: A RoBERTa-Based Model for Automated Vulnerability Severity Classification](https://huggingface.co/papers/2507.03607) [[arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03607)].
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-
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- **Abstract:** VLAI is a transformer-based model that predicts software vulnerability severity levels directly from text descriptions. Built on RoBERTa, VLAI is fine-tuned on over 600,000 real-world vulnerabilities and achieves over 82% accuracy in predicting severity categories, enabling faster and more consistent triage ahead of manual CVSS scoring. The model and dataset are open-source and integrated into the Vulnerability-Lookup service.
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-
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- You can read [this page](https://www.vulnerability-lookup.org/user-manual/ai/) for more information.
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  ## Model description
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- It is a classification model and is aimed to assist in classifying vulnerabilities by severity based on their descriptions.
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-
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- ## How to get started with the model
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-
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- ```python
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- from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
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- import torch
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- labels = ["low", "medium", "high", "critical"]
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- model_name = "CIRCL/vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base"
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- tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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- model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
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- model.eval()
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- print("Model revision:", model.config._commit_hash)
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- test_description = "SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is not protected with a proper authorization, allowing unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries \
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- that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system."
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- inputs = tokenizer(test_description, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, padding=True)
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-
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- # Run inference
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- with torch.no_grad():
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- outputs = model(**inputs)
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- predictions = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1)
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-
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- # Print results
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- print("Predictions:", predictions)
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- predicted_class = torch.argmax(predictions, dim=-1).item()
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- print("Predicted severity:", labels[predicted_class])
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- ```
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  ## Training procedure
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@@ -78,32 +59,15 @@ The following hyperparameters were used during training:
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  - lr_scheduler_type: linear
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  - num_epochs: 5
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- It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- - Loss: 2.0385
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- - Accuracy: 0.8186
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- - F1 Macro: 0.7478
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- - Low Precision: 0.6754
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- - Low Recall: 0.4833
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- - Low F1: 0.5635
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- - Medium Precision: 0.8502
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- - Medium Recall: 0.8699
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- - Medium F1: 0.8600
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- - High Precision: 0.8100
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- - High Recall: 0.8134
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- - High F1: 0.8117
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- - Critical Precision: 0.7563
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- - Critical Recall: 0.7558
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- - Critical F1: 0.7560
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-
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  ### Training results
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  | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy | F1 Macro | Low Precision | Low Recall | Low F1 | Medium Precision | Medium Recall | Medium F1 | High Precision | High Recall | High F1 | Critical Precision | Critical Recall | Critical F1 |
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  |:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|:--------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:----------:|:------:|:----------------:|:-------------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-----------:|:-------:|:------------------:|:---------------:|:-----------:|
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- | 2.5276 | 1.0 | 16588 | 2.5819 | 0.7385 | 0.6339 | 0.6151 | 0.2946 | 0.3984 | 0.7507 | 0.8666 | 0.8045 | 0.7470 | 0.6814 | 0.7127 | 0.6711 | 0.5762 | 0.6201 |
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- | 2.2893 | 2.0 | 33176 | 2.3169 | 0.7685 | 0.6574 | 0.7390 | 0.2577 | 0.3822 | 0.7870 | 0.8658 | 0.8245 | 0.7531 | 0.7560 | 0.7545 | 0.7351 | 0.6127 | 0.6683 |
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- | 1.8541 | 3.0 | 49764 | 2.1505 | 0.7915 | 0.7062 | 0.6939 | 0.3762 | 0.4879 | 0.8098 | 0.8751 | 0.8412 | 0.7994 | 0.7561 | 0.7772 | 0.7122 | 0.7251 | 0.7186 |
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- | 1.7567 | 4.0 | 66352 | 2.0204 | 0.8098 | 0.7325 | 0.6776 | 0.4461 | 0.5380 | 0.8347 | 0.8721 | 0.8530 | 0.7962 | 0.8100 | 0.8030 | 0.7790 | 0.6977 | 0.7361 |
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- | 1.6384 | 5.0 | 82940 | 2.0385 | 0.8186 | 0.7478 | 0.6754 | 0.4833 | 0.5635 | 0.8502 | 0.8699 | 0.8600 | 0.8100 | 0.8134 | 0.8117 | 0.7563 | 0.7558 | 0.7560 |
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  ### Framework versions
 
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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+ license: mit
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  base_model: roberta-base
 
 
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  tags:
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  - generated_from_trainer
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+ metrics:
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+ - accuracy
 
 
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  model-index:
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  - name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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  results: []
 
 
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  ---
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+ <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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+ should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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+ # vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on an unknown dataset.
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+ It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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+ - Loss: 2.0444
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+ - Accuracy: 0.8151
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+ - F1 Macro: 0.7468
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+ - Low Precision: 0.6636
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+ - Low Recall: 0.5090
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+ - Low F1: 0.5761
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+ - Medium Precision: 0.8444
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+ - Medium Recall: 0.8694
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+ - Medium F1: 0.8567
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+ - High Precision: 0.8099
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+ - High Recall: 0.8094
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+ - High F1: 0.8097
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+ - Critical Precision: 0.7554
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+ - Critical Recall: 0.7342
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+ - Critical F1: 0.7446
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  ## Model description
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+ More information needed
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Intended uses & limitations
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+ More information needed
 
 
 
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+ ## Training and evaluation data
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+ More information needed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Training procedure
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  - lr_scheduler_type: linear
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  - num_epochs: 5
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  ### Training results
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  | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy | F1 Macro | Low Precision | Low Recall | Low F1 | Medium Precision | Medium Recall | Medium F1 | High Precision | High Recall | High F1 | Critical Precision | Critical Recall | Critical F1 |
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  |:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|:--------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:----------:|:------:|:----------------:|:-------------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-----------:|:-------:|:------------------:|:---------------:|:-----------:|
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+ | 2.7608 | 1.0 | 16685 | 2.5243 | 0.7411 | 0.6299 | 0.6253 | 0.2810 | 0.3877 | 0.7719 | 0.8474 | 0.8079 | 0.7165 | 0.7320 | 0.7242 | 0.6957 | 0.5270 | 0.5997 |
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+ | 2.3464 | 2.0 | 33370 | 2.3441 | 0.7670 | 0.6837 | 0.5518 | 0.4400 | 0.4896 | 0.8160 | 0.8279 | 0.8219 | 0.7451 | 0.7738 | 0.7591 | 0.7014 | 0.6306 | 0.6642 |
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+ | 1.7701 | 3.0 | 50055 | 2.1916 | 0.7895 | 0.7116 | 0.6944 | 0.4197 | 0.5232 | 0.8338 | 0.8397 | 0.8367 | 0.7599 | 0.8059 | 0.7822 | 0.7311 | 0.6793 | 0.7043 |
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+ | 1.8485 | 4.0 | 66740 | 2.0622 | 0.8059 | 0.7348 | 0.6377 | 0.5008 | 0.5610 | 0.8259 | 0.8765 | 0.8504 | 0.8062 | 0.7891 | 0.7976 | 0.7674 | 0.6964 | 0.7302 |
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+ | 1.4786 | 5.0 | 83425 | 2.0444 | 0.8151 | 0.7468 | 0.6636 | 0.5090 | 0.5761 | 0.8444 | 0.8694 | 0.8567 | 0.8099 | 0.8094 | 0.8097 | 0.7554 | 0.7342 | 0.7446 |
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  ### Framework versions
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